This chapter also attempted to raise your awareness regarding different sources of error that apply to performance assessments. Random rater errors are typically caused by the halo effect, item or task carry-over effect, test or performance carry-over effect, order effect, and writing/language mechanics effects. Systematic biases in performance assessments can be caused by biases due to readability, inflammatory biases, opportunity to learn biases, conditions biases, or systematic rater biases.

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