Climate Science, Awareness and Solutions (CSAS)
Columbia University Earth Institute
475 Riverside Drive (Room 520-C)
New York, NY 10115
[email protected]
It seems that this site is still working after Makiko Sato's retirement. (We don't know how long.) I updated several pages, but I will not do anymore. Please go to
Data & Figures page on Dr. Hansen's site for updates.
Our aim is to help people understand global climate change and how the factors that
drive climate are changing.
We start with climate diagnostics people are usually most interested in climate change itself.
But cause-and-effect analysis requires also data on climate forcings (which drive climate change)
and feedbacks (which amplify or diminish climate change).
Future climate depends on how climate forcings change human-made greenhouse
gases, especially carbon dioxide, and forcings that are not yet well measured, especially aerosols.
The speed and degree of climate change also will depend upon how fast amplifying feedbacks,
such as Arctic sea ice, the large ice sheets, and methane hydrates come into play.
Table of Contents
Critical Climate Diagnostics and Feedbacks
- Global Temperature (2025/01/10)
- El Nino & La Nina (last modified 2025/01/03)
- Precipitation (last modified 2025/01/04)
- Wind
- Hurricanes (last modified 2025/01/01)
- Tornadoes (last modified 2025/01/01)
- Wildfires (last modified 2025/01/01)
- Sea and Ice
- Species Loss (last modified 2024/02/08)
Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions and Energy Use
Climate Forcings