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Casting Teutonic Types from the Nineteenth Century to World War I: German Ethnic Stereotypes in Print, on Stage, and Screen


Peter Conolly-Smith

Works Cited

Newspapers and Periodicals

Deutsches Journal (renamed New Yorker deutsches Journal in 1917).

Fatherland [New York].

New Yorker Staats-Zeitung.

New York Times.

Variety [Los Angeles].

Secondary Works

Allen, Robert C. Horrible Prettiness: Burlesque and American Culture. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1991.

App, Austin J. "The Germans." The Immigrants' Influence on Wilson's Peace Policies. Ed. Joseph P. O'Grady. Lexington: U Kentucky P, 1967. 30 - 55.

Ayer, N.W., and Son, eds. N.W. Ayer's and Son's Newspaper Annual and Directory. Philadelphia: N.W. Ayer and Son, 1910 - 1920.

Barnard, Harry. Eagle Forgotten: The Life of John Peter Altgeld. New York: Duell, Sloane and Pearce, 1938.

Boskin, Joseph and Joseph Dorinson, "Ethnic Humor: Subversion and Survival." American Humor. Ed. Arthur Power Dudden. New York: Oxford UP, 1987. 97 - 117.

Brownlow, Kevin. The War, the West, and the Wilderness. New York: Alfred Knopf, 1979.

Burrows, Edwin G. and Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. New York: Oxford UP, 1999.

Conolly-Smith, Peter. Translating America: An Immigrant Press Visualizes American Popular Culture, 1895-1918. Washington: Smithsonian P, 2004.

Diestler, Paul Antoine. "Ethnic Comedy in Vaudeville and Burlesque." American Popular Entertainment: Papers and Proceedings of the Conference on the History of American Popular Entertainment. Ed. Myron Matlaw. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1979. 33 - 42.

DiMeglio, John E. Vaudeville U.S.A. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green U Popular P, 1973.

Dinnerstein, Leonard, Roger L. Nichols, and David Reimers. Natives and Strangers: A Multicultural History of Americans. New York: Oxford UP, 2003.

Dunn, William. "William Randolph Hearst." The Encyclopedia of American Comics. Ed. Ron Goulart. New York: Facts on File, 1990.

Faust, Albert Bernhardt. The German Element in the United States. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1909.

Gilbert, Douglas. American Vaudeville, Its Life and Times. New York: Whittlesey House, 1940.

Glazer, Nathan and Daniel P. Moynihan. Beyond the Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT P, 1963.

Hansen, Miriam. Babel and Babylon: Spectatorship in American Silent Film. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1991.

Hanson, Patricia King and Alan Gevinson, eds. The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Picture Feature Films, 1911-1920. Berkeley: U of California P, 1985.

Higham, John. Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925. New York: Atheneum, 1963.

Horn, Maurice, ed. 100 Years of American Newspaper Comics: An Illustrated History. New York: Gramercy Books, 1996.

Hourwich, Isaac A. Immigration and Labor. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1912.

Isenberg, Michael. War on Film: The American Cinema and World War I, 1914-1940. London: Associated P, 1981.

Jahresbericht der Deutschen Gesellschaft der Stadt New York, 1884 - 1915. 32 vols. New York: German Society of the City of New York, 1884 - 1915.

Janowitz, Morris. The Community Press in an Urban Setting: the Social Elements of Urbanism. Chicago: U Chicago P, 1952.

Jeavons, Clyde. A Pictorial History of War Films, 1911-1920. Secaucus, NJ: Citadel, 1974.

Kamphoefner, Walter D., Wolfgang Helbich, and Ulrike Sommer, eds. News From the Land of Freedom: German Immigrants Write Home. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1991.

Keil, Hartmut. "German Working-Class Radicalism in the United States from the 1870s to World War I." "Struggle a Hard Battle": Essays on Working-Class Immigrants. Ed. Dirk Hoerder. DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois UP, 1986. 71 - 94.

Keller, Phyliss. States of Belonging: German-American Intellectuals and the First World War. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1979.

Koegel, John. "Adolf Philipp and Ethnic Musical Comedy in New York's Little Germany." American Music 24 (2006): 267 - 319.

Linneman, William R. "Immigrant Stereotypes, 1880-1900." Studies in American Humor. 1 (April 1974): 28 - 39.

Luebke, Frederick. Bonds of Loyalty: German-Americans and World War I. DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois UP, 1974.

M'Cune Smith, James. "The German Invasion." The Anglo-African Magazine February 1859: 50-2; continued March 1859: 83-6.

Mintz, Lawrence. "Standup Comedy as Social and Cultural Mediation." American Humor. Ed. Arthur Power Dudden. New York: Oxford UP, 1987. 85 - 96.

Nasaw, David. The Chief: The Life of William Randolph Hearst. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2000.

—. Going Out: The Rise and Fall of Public Amusements. New York: BasicBooks, 1993.

New York City. Mayor's Committee on National Defense. N.p., 1918.

Park, Robert E. "The Natural History of the Newspaper." The City. Eds. Robert E. Park, E.W. Burgess, and R.D. McKenzie. Chicago: U Chicago P, 1925. 80 - 98.

Poore, Carol. German-American Socialist Literature, 1865-1900. Bern: Peter Lang, 1982.

Reiß, Ansgar. Radikalismus und Exil: Gustav Struve und die Demokratie in Deutschland und Amerika. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2004.

Rhodes, Anthony. Propaganda, the Art of Persuasion: World War II. New York, Chealsea House Publications, 1976.

Rippley, LaVern J. The German-Americans. Boston: Twayne, 1976.

Slide, Anthony. American Racist: The Life and Films of Thomas Dixon. Lexington, KY: U of Kentucky P, 2004.

Sollors, Werner. Beyond Ethnicity: Consent and Descent in American Culture. New York: Oxford UP, 1986.

Stone, Geoffrey R. Perilous Time: Free Speech in Wartime From the Sedition Act of 1798 to the War on Terrorism. New York: Norton, 2005.

Traxel, David. Crusader Nation: The United States in Peace and the Great War, 1898-1920. New York: Knopf, 2006.

von Stroheim, Erich. "The "Hated Hun'—Then and Now." New York Times 9 Feb. 1941, final ed.: X9.

Waldstreicher, David. Emma Goldman, Political Activist. New York: Chelsea House, 1990.

Wittke, Carl. The German-Language Press in America. Louisville, KY: U of Kentucky P, 1957.

1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Notes | [Works Cited]

Peter Conolly-Smith is Assistant Professor of History at Queens College of the City University of New York.

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