118     India and the Roman Empire

a further piece of evidence of the advanced state
of Indian shipping^. The monarch reigning in
Gujarat (Ariake) was Mamharus, who may be
Nahapana 2, the Kshaharata chieftain who suc¬
ceeded Bhumaka^. Nahapana was afterwards con¬
quered by the Andhra monarch Vilivayakura II*.
His head-quarters may have been at Nasik,
close to which town a large hoard of his coins
has recently come to light. They bear an inscrip¬
tion in barbarous Greek characters, and a head
obviously imitated from Baktrian or Roman
types. Evidently Nahapana's trade brought him
in considerable wealth, and brought him into
contact with Graeco-Roman influence.

Our traveller now^ goes on to describe the
Deccan, the seat of the great Andhra kingdom.
Deccan {Dakkhinabada^) he correctly derives from
ha)(avo<^, south. Beyond the Ghauts, the land
is wild and desolate, full of tigers, apes, and
huge  pythons'.    The  principal  ports  were  Ter

1 Regulations for harbour-masters and pilots are laid
down in the Kautillya Artha Sdstra.    See App. to Ch. in.

^ Wilson in J.R.A.S. Bengal, June, 1904.

^ Rapson in J.R.A.S. 1904, p. 371.

* V. Smith dates this at 126 a.d. but this is inconsistent
with the accepted date of the Periplus.

^ §52.

^  Skt. Dakshindpatha.    Aa^i^tva^aSi;? KaXurat rj y^wpa-  Zd)(avo<i

ydp KaXeLTUL o voros ry avT<Sy yXwaay. Here we have another
personal touch.

' This agrees with what Hiuen Tsiang and other travellers
tell us, and was still true of the Deccan till quite recent times.