Session: 123456789101112131415161718192021222324         Page 356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382 of 592

This was 25,000 workers in one city. In a mill -- you know, factory strike.

The strikers were helped by the press. I'm talking about people like William Allen White, Lincoln Steffens, Ray Stannard Baker, Mary Heaton Vorse -- who worked for the newspapers as well as the magazines -- came for the national magazines. Bill Haywood came. Elizabeth Gurley Flynn came. Also someone came who spent a lot of time there, and that's -- what is her name? She was a social worker. Her name will come to me. She played the key role in it. She came. They devised tactics, including taking the kids out of Lawrence to other cities. The police moved in when they were going to Philadelphia and started beating up pregnant women and kids, and it was all over the papers.

Margaret Sanger! Birth control. Margaret Sanger was a social worker going out with Bill Haywood at the time. Margaret Sanger had contacts. She knew people in Washington. She arranged for a group of children to go to Washington to testify on child labor. In the course of the hearings, which were widely publicized, President William Howard Taft's wife, who was a social worker, attended the hearings and the press attended the hearings. The most sensational thing of the hearings was the testimony of Carmela Teoli who under very simple question and answers described how when she was thirteen a man came to her father's home and said that, “You want your daughter to work?” He said, “Yes.” He says, “But she has to be fourteen. If you give me four dollars I'll give you the papers, so that she'll be fourteen.” Carmela went to work in the mills. She was in the mills no more than a few weeks when she was scalped. Her hair got caught in a machine and she was scalped. Under questioning she described -- oh, it was a big shock, you know, because she still had the gash in her head. She was out and the hospital bills were paid by the company, but nobody paid her any wages. When that story broke, big trouble, with all the other things that were happening. The Congress began the first national investigation of child labor, leading to a child labor law as a result of that.

When Paul tried to look up Carmela Teoli, he was trying to find her descendant, her daughter. He finally found her daughter. Her daughter came to see him and he said, “We want to talk to you about your mother.” She says, “Why?” She said, “My mother was not important.” “Your mother was very important.” “No, no, no. You must have it wrong.” “Your mother was very important. She went to Washington.” “No, no. My mother never told me she went to Washington.” It was this total amnesia. Paul described how this woman -- Paul's very