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end, however, we came out from the House and Senate after efforts similar to those that I've described for other years with only 28 million dollars more. In other words, the total overall figure for the National Institutes of Health was 211 million. We would have been terribly elated any of the 11 years before, about this kind of an increase, but now it seemed a failure. The action on the appropriations was completed late in June of '57 and Florence and I left for Lake Como early in July.

Was there any outstanding opposition or any specific opposition?

Oh, there was the general attitude: Well, you had it last year and you can't expect too much this year. That was kind of the attitude, and it was very hard. Of course, the National Institutes leadership themselves were totally limp about anything more and went along with whatever the Budget said, and the Budget had said the same amount as what had gotten voted the year before. So, we just didn't have the steam we needed.

Your 28 million additional, did this open any new fields, or was it apportioned...

This was apportioned across the boards to the eight Institutes, including the National Dental Research Institute. I don't remember that it got very much additional but it did and