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If I had called my father's attention to it, he would have said, “Oh, well, that's in New York.” Boston and its happy suburbs were supposed to be enough. New York was a den of iniquity and a strange place. But I had been very deeply moved by that book and was sure something was wrong.

This Philadelphia experience led me again into contact with trade unions. I had to raise money. That was the first thing I learned. The ladies were very willing and so was Mr. Josiah Bailey, who was, I think, the treasurer and a leading Quaker, but they didn't have much time. They were awfully busy and took it for granted that I would go and see those rich gentlemen and ladies from whom we might extract $200 or $300 or $500. Also I had to go to all the meetings around town and make speeches about the Philadelphia Research and Protective Association. That's where I learned to make a speech. I would be asked to speak at some conference on social progress in Philadelphia and told I could speak five minutes. I had to learn to say something in five minutes. The organization that I represented wasn't anything; it was not any of the ancient charitable organizations of Philadelphia.

I made two or three firm friends--Hannah Fox, Laura Platt, and someone else whose name I've forgotten--rich old ladies of the Philadelphia old school - the old families,