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This report of mine was full of these benevolent societies not only among the Greeks, but among the Ukranians, the Poles, the Hungarians and so on. It was really amazing - I was startled. Self help, which is natural, wasn't in the Charity Bulletins.

The Wharton School was extremely conservative and was founded to teach people about the protective tariff. Simon Patten was a serious supporter of the protective tariff for this country. His thinking, of course, was not that of the orthodox economist, as I discovered when I studied under Seligman and Clark, but he was a very original mind and he was extraordinarily well educated in philosophy and in what little was known of sociology. Sociology was a late developing subject, but he was very well founded and grounded in matters of that sort. His illustrative material was drawn from historical social sources that were extremely interesting.

My education went way beyond Wharton and Columbia, however. I got a lot of credits at Columbia beyond my master's degree and continued to go to school for years up at Columbia. I took my degree in 1907 or '8.

I really don't think I was influenced by the socialist thought at that time, as you asked me. I wouldn't even say, as the history books do, that they (the Socialists) were