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grew that nobody was poor unless they were drunk or disorderly. Father might be drunk and disorderly and that was too bad for mother and the children, but there was no economic cause for poverty. There might be the death of the breadwinner or the sickness of the breadwinner, but that the community would take care of.

Life insurance societies grew out of that. There were mutuals and lodges and they had a true mutuality. Of course all these benevolent societies grew out of that, as did the early leaving by will of funds to start a Mechanics Training Society, mechanic training schools and so on. That grew out of the idea that Tim Jones was lost at sea and the widow and children had been fed by the town, but Tim's boys didn't have any chance because they didn't have a chance to learn a trade, Tim being dead. So mechanics societies grew up and mechanics schools were provided for.

The same thing happened in England. I do think that the Church had perhaps greater influence on the continent in what we call modern social responsibility because of the fact that it has never been broken up, as it was in England, and therefore there were always funds to dispense for the most obvious and acute need. But certainly in England and here in the United States all the early movements - I made a speech on this once at Washington and Lee University -