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organization circles. He didn't have a wide acquaintance when he began to be Governor. Just as I helped him to broaden his acquaintance in the trade union and industrial employer field, and the field of those who were interested in social reform, so she helped him in all these other fields to broaden his acquaintance. You didn't have to do much more than introduce a person to Al Smith. He won them after that. They gave him something and he got it, but he wouldn't have known who to look for without the guidance of a number of people who knew where there was a good person.

I would say that Al Smith was a very strong character. Mrs. Moskowitz never rode him, but she did to a very large extent fix things so that he made the right decision. She never did it by telling him what the right decision was, except in subtle ways, just letting drop little information. But she arranged the circumstances of the material so that they led to a conclusion of that sort. She suggested to him that he see So-and-So, or ask So-and-So what he thought about this, knowing in advance by having talked to So-and-So what he, as a great big figure either in politics or in public affairs generally, would be likely to recommend.

Johnny Gilchrist was one of her great aides. I suppose that Al relied more on Johnny Gilchrist's direct advice than he did on anybody else's. Mrs. Moskowitz soon