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by an employer twenty-five years earlier. All of these men believed that they were responsible for paying a living wage. They did pay a living wage. They paid more than a living wage. They paid wages which were regarded as high, and which were high as compared to the scale of wages. So they were really not inhumane people.

They were apologetic for old, outdated mills like the McKeesport mill where accidents might happen. It wasn't the kind of a mill they wanted to have. They wanted the new modern-type mill, with its better provisions for the workers, as well as for better and quicker production of steel.

So these fellows were not just gruff old “hate ‘em like hell people,” but they did hate the idea of a union. They were humane without recognizing the realities of men's longing to speak for themselves and to have something to say about the terms and conditions of their own work and life. There's a deep psychological feeling among working man that makes them more contented with life if they have something to say about it through the union. They didn't recognize that, nor did they recognize the degree to which they were not in a position to think about dividing up the profits, or to give a share of the profits to the workmen. They still held the old idea of the wage fund, without knowing that they did. If you told them that they held it,