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in the American Personnel Association, of some of the newer types of efficiency techniques. He had been the author of either a series of magazine articles or a small pamphlet on a subject related to this, with Albert Whitney as coauthor.

Whitney, by the way, was a brilliant person. He was a very brilliant insurance attorney. He was one of these theoretical insurance inventors, one of the most inventive people that ever stepped into the insurance world. He's now (1953) dead. He was very keen. I met him during the time when we were devising some changes in the Workmen's Compensation Law in New York State. I think Whitney was the originator of this idea for their pamphlet, but Bruere, who had some labor experience, was more competent to apply it in the field of industrial relations than Whitney was.

They felt that everything that had to do with the workers' relationship to the employer must flow out of the operation itself, and must be based upon the operation. Therefore, the relationships would not be the same in the steel industry and in the textile industry, in the boot and shoe industry and in the garment industry. It was the operation itself and the point of operation that was important. The relationships of the groups must find an adjustment based upon the operations, and the necessary