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sailors demanded that same privilege, and got that privilege.

The result was that for three or four months we were conducting electins, referenda, in all these ports on the Pacific, because as San Francisco began to get concessions, as they began to see that San Francisco was going to win something, all the other ports - San Diego, Seattle, Portland, Oregon, Los Angeles - all wanted to be organized. If the going was good, they were going to be in on it. So the balloting continued.

Among other things that they agreed upon was a permanent authority of some sort that they all agreed to, who makes rulings on whatever questions arise during the life of the contract. I don't know who had this idea originally, but I did contribute to it because I had had experience with this type of thing in the garment industry in New York. We managed by one device or another to sell that idea to the waterfront employers as being a stabilizing way of doing things. We promised the appointment of sober, competent, orderly and non-political impartial chairman - we didn't call them arbitrtors, or chairmen, but I can'tremember the particular term we used. Under the agreement they were to have authority. Everybody agreed that whatever ruling