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than that, and they had always regarded Tammany as their enemy. Tammany voted under the star; and so Hillman, Dubinsky and some others invented this idea of forming a separate party only for New York, just to bring the New York garment and needle trades workers into some kind of reconciliation with the idea that they could vote for Roosevelt, who was also going to run on the Democratic Party ticket. So they formed the American Labor Party and put up the same candidates that the Democratic Party had put up. When they came to vote, they voted under the symbol of the American Labor Party, and not under the star, which was nauseating to them apparently after all these years.

These people came from an area that is now Russia and the Satellite states - Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Rumania, and so on. I have already described in my Chicago experiences how the Jews were pouring into Hull House and the other settlement houses, singing their songs, chanting these strange Russian dirges, bringing their samovars and their pots and pans because they didn't suppose there'd be any such things as cooking utensils in America, that great foreign country. They didn't bring them because they were heirlooms. They brought them because they were their