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Frances PerkinsFrances Perkins
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shouldn't be any, but historically there always has been. It's one of those factors that you deal with. It's like the freight rate on steel, which depends upon the number of miles you are south of Pittsburgh. Those things are historically facts and have become therefore a part of the structure of the industry, and there's nothing about a new man coming in from the outside, merely because he's a manufacturer of another line, that makes him a judge of those matters, and of the wages, hours, and working conditions that impinge upon it.

And, of course, they were all simply confused and bogged down by the coal industry when it came before them. That was what split the Defense Mediation Board and knocked it out. It had to be recreated because of a coal matter. In the end it was what all of them on the War Labor Board broke their hearts over. John L. Lewis burst a blood vessel over it he was so mad. They threw him everything at the end. They gave him everything, even what they called the fringe benefits. That name has stuck, although it was invented by the War Labor Board. It was a set of demands that he had put into every ware negotiation that he'd ever entered into. He used them for trading purposes. He never meant to get them. He would have lost his trading material if he got them. Those included things like the washing of the miner's clothes, the blacksmithing of his tools, and two or three other





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