The view from *PREVOST*, c.1752

Source: ebay, Aug. 2005

"Indische Fakire," early 1800's, by Friedrich and Carl Bertuch

Source: ebay, Feb. 2005

"INDISCHE FAKIRE (Fakirs in India). Plate #45 of Volume 17 of the First Edition of "Bilderbuch zum Nutzen und Vergnügen der Jugend", authored and published by FRIEDRICH JUSTIN BERTUCH (1747-1822) and his Son CARL BERTUCH (1777-1815) in Vienna, Austria in the Years 1801 to 1815."

*"The Sunyasees," by William Taylor of the Bengal Civil Service, 1842*

Source: ebay, Nov. 2003

Company School gouache painting, 1800's, of mendicants by a waterside temple

Source: ebay, Apr. 2006

*"A Hindoo Fakeer," by Emily Eden, 1844* (BL); [*Eden 1844*]

*A German print, 1850, showing many Hindu images, but especially ascetics performing austerities*

Source: ebay, Nov. 2007

*"Hindoo fakir," a chromolithograph by William Simpson, 1867* (BL); [*Simpson 1867*]

*"Bairagees, Hindoo devotees, Delhi," from 'The People of India', published from 1868 to the early 1870's by W. H. Allen, for the India Office*; also *"Tun Sookh Doss Bairagi, Hindoo religious mendicant, Allahabad"*

Source: ebay, Jan. 2008

A sadhu seated on the proverbial bed of nails; from a photo album, late 1800's

Source: http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/search/LotDetail.asp?sid=&intObjectID=4572358&SE=CMWCAT03+119111+%2D1406677059+&QR=M+1+132+Aqc0000900+103720++Aqc0000900+&entry=india&SU=1&RQ=True&AN=133
(downloaded Sept. 2005)

*"Fakeers," a photograph by Bourne and Shepherd, early 1870's* (BL); [*Bourne 1870's*]

*"Fakirs, Bombay," a photo by Taurines, c.1880's*; *a group of ascetics, by Taurines, c.1890*

Source: ebay, Sept. 2007

A photo by T. A. Rust, c.1880's, of an ascetic who constantly keeps his arms extended upward; *a photo by Rust of an ascetic with a harness that enables him to remain standing all the time*

Source: ebay, Mar. 2008

Austerities with the traditional "five fires" (four of cow-dung and one the sun), in a gelatin photo, c.1890's

Source: ebay, May 2005

A group of sadhus gathered for a portrait; a photo from the 1890's

Source: http://www.indiamike.com/photopost/showphoto.php/photo/9054/ppuser/9096
(downloaded Mar. 2006)

*An even more formal studio photograph, made in 1898*

Source: ebay, Feb. 2007

*"Hermit at Gem Lake doing penance--exposed to mid-day sun and intense fires--Mt. Abu, India. Copyright 1903 by Underwood & Underwood."* (Ames Library)

*"Hindu Fakirs, India," a stereoscopic view by Griffith & Griffith, c.1900*

Source: ebay, Oct. 2007

*"Hindu devotee doing penance on a bed of spikes near the shrine of Kali, Calcutta"; a stereo view, c.1900*

Source: ebay, Dec. 2007

*"A Hindu fakir enduring pain and torture" (on a bed of nails); a stereoscopic photo by R. Y. Young, 1901*

Source: ebay, Apr. 2007

A group of ascetics, Bombay, c.1920's; *an ascetic on a bed of nails, Calcutta, c.1920's*

Source: ebay, June 2007

*An ascetic on a bed of nails, Banaras; a photo by A. H. Smith, from 'Peoples of All Nations', J. A. Hammerton, c.1922*

Source: ebay, Dec. 2006

An ascetic in front of his cell at Bhubaneshwar, a photogravure from Martin Hurlimann, 'India', 1928; also: *"Pushkar: a Sadhu with the Shiva trident"*; also, *"A mendicant monk blessing pilgrims, Allahabad"*; also: *A sadhu, Benares*; also: *A mendicant monk and street singer, Bangalore*

Source: ebay, May 2006

*"A Religious Ascetic," from Customs of the World, ed. by Walter Hutchinson, London, 1931*

Source: ebay, Mar. 2006