Abe, Toshihiko. Japan's Hidden Face: A Call for Radical Change in Japanese Society & Commerce. Philadelphia:
Browne, Maurice. Proposals for a Voluntary Nobility. Cranleigh, Surrey: Samurai Press, 1908.
Chamberlain, Basil Hall. The Invention of a New Religion. London: Watts & Co., 1912.
Daidôji Yûzan. Budoshoshinshu: The Warriors Primer of Daidoji Yuzan. Trans. William S. Wilson. Santa Clarita: Ohara
-----. The Code of The Samurai: Budo Shoshinshu. Trans. A.L. Sadler. Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing, 1941.
-----. Code of The Samurai: A Modern Translation of Budo Shoshinshu. Trans. Thomas L. Cleary. Boston: Tuttle
Holmes, Colin and A. H. Ion. Bushidô and the Samurai: Images in British Public Opinion, 1894-1914," Modern Asian
Ikegami, Eiko. The Taming of the Samurai: Honorific Individualism and the Making of Modern Japan. Cambridge:
Imai, Toshimichi J. Bushido: In The Past and The Present. Tokyo: Kanada,1906.
Jansen, Marius B. and John W. Hall. Tosa in the Sixteenth Century: The 100 Article Code of Chosokabe Motochika." In
Katsumata, Shizuo and Martin Collcutt. The Development of Sengoku Law." In Japan Before Tokugawa. Princeton:
Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan. Tokyo; New York: Kodansha,
1983. Contains basic information in English on a \
number of the works and authors mentioned on this website.
Miyamoto Musashi. The Book of Five Rings. Trans. Thomas Cleary. Boston & London: Shambhala, 1993.
-----. A Book of Five Rings: A Guide to Strategy. Trans. Victor Harris. Woodstock: The Overlook Press, 1974.
-----. The Book of Five Rings: The Real Art of Japanese Management. Trans Nihon Services Corporation: Bradford J.
-----. The Martial Artists Book of Five Rings: The Definitive Interpretation of Miyamoto Musashis Classic Book of
Nitobe, Inazô. Bushido: The Soul of Japan. 10th revised ed. New York, London: G. P. Putnams Sons, 1905.
Scherer, James. What Is Japanese Morality? Philadelphia: The Sunday School Times, 1906.
Steenstrup, Carl. The Gokurakuji Letter: Hojo Shigetoki's Compendium of Political and Religious Ideas of
-----. The Imagawa Letter: A Muromachi Warrior's Code of Conduct Which Became a Tokugawa Schoolbook.E/div>
Tsuda Sôkichi. An Inquiry into the Japanese Mind as Mirrored in Literature: The Flowering Period of Common
Wilson, William S., trans. Ideals of The Samurai: Writings of Japanese Warriors. Santa Clarita: Ohara Publications,
Yamaga Sokô. The Way of the Samurai. In Sources of Japanese Tradition, Volume I. Comps. Ryusaku Tsunoda, Wm.
Yamamoto Tsunetomo. Hagakure. In Legends of the Samurai. Trans. Hiroaki Sato. Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 1995.
-----. Hagakure: The Book of the Samurai. Trans. William Scott Wilson. Tokyo: Kodansha International; New York:
-----. The Hagakure: A Code to the Way of Samurai. Tokyo: Hokuseido Press, 1980.
-----. The Wisdom of Hagakure: Way of the Samurai of Saga Domain. Trans. Stacey B. Day. Saga, Japan: Hagakure
II. Chronology of Pre-Modern and Meiji Period Japanese Books on Bushido
The publication dates and even authors of many of
the pre-Meiji texts remain unclear. In these cases titles have
been included without authors, and the letters PDUEhave been used
to denote publication date unknown.Enbsp; Titles using the word shidô"
instead of bushidô" are marked with asterisks (*) throughout.
A number of the pre-Meiji texts were republished in the Meiji period.
They have been listed under both sections.
Information for the chronology came primarily from
two computer-based search engines: the Meiji Microfilm index (available
at Columbia Universitys Starr East Asian Library) and the Kokusho
sômokuroku (available online but requires Japanese input
capabilities). The information below generally reflects the results
of keyword searches for bushidô" shidô." Unfortunately
this search was largely limited to the titles of works and was also
limited by the types of sources included in the Meiji Microfilm and
the Kokusho sômokuroku. In that sense this chronology
is far from comprehensive and is sure to have missed works that discuss
bushido but did not have that word in the title.
Nevertheless, in the case of the Kokusho sômokuroku,
the keyword search produced a total of 19 titles (only 9 of which contain
the word bushido), but another search for budô" resulted in 86
hits (for reasons of space those titles have been omitted here).
Indeed using the available dates and titles, it becomes clear that texts
using bushidô" in the title appear only after the beginning of
the Tokugawa period and that the frequency increased during the mid
to late Meiji period.
There are a number of other interesting trends that
merit a quick note. Of particular interest to those interested
in the Akô Incident is the number of works related to that event.
Akôgishi (1909) for example, includes the word bushidô"
in a subtitle, suggesting that the Akô rônin are
paragons of bushido. Several other works deal with individual
rônin or the incident and contain similar subtitles.
One might also take note of a small bushido boomE that occurs right around the time of the Russo-Japanese War (1904-5). A second and perhaps more sustained interest in bushido appears to begin around the time that Nitobe Inazôs English language work on bushido first appeared as a Japanese translation. Nitobes work may have played a prominent role in this interest, but there were surely other factors that merit further exploration.
Bushido Before Meiji
PDU *Shidô bukô no sho
1617 Bushidô kôsha sho also known as Tôryû gunkôsha sho by Ogasawara Shôzô (aka Ogasawara Sakuun)
circa 1643 Gorin no sho by Miyamoto Musashi
1656 Bukyô yôroku by Yamaga Sokô
1684 Kokon bushidô ezukushi by Hishikawa Moronobu
1716 Hagakure by Yamamoto Tsunetomo
circa 1730 Budôshoshinshû by Daidôji Yûzan
1837-1850 *Shidô yôron by Saitô Masakata (aka Saitô Setsudô)
The Meiji (Re)Invention of Bushido
PDU Zen to bushidô by Shaku Goan
1897 Bushidô ichime himitsu bukuro by Kuroiwa Ruikô (Translation)
1899 Bushido: The Soul of Japan by Nitobe Inazo (English Language)
1902 Suparuta [Sparta] no bushidô
by Nakanishi Soematsu
Bushidô by Yamaoka Tesshô
Bushidô (seishin kôwa) by Satô Ganei
1903 Jindô no seisai Ebushidô no
shinzui by Hasuike Bonji
*Igirisu shidô monogatari by Katô Yoneji (Translation)
1904 Nihon bushidô no shinzui by Dai
Nihon Bushidô Kenkyûkai
Nihon bushidôron by Kawaguchi Akiji
1905 Kokon bushidô shitan by Kubo
Tenzui
*Shônen shidô no kun (buke jidai) by Kubo Tenzui
Bushidô sôsho by Inoue Tetsujirô and Arima Yûsei
Bushidô sôron (gendai taika) by Akiyama Goan
Bushidô hyakuwa by Kawamura Fusô
1906 Tosa no bushidô by Aki Kiyoka
Bushidô kakunshû by Arima Yûsei and Akiyama
Goan
Hagakure by Yamamoto Tsunetomo, Nakamura Yuichi hen
1907 Nijû seiki no bushidô by
Bankusu
Nihon bushidôshi by Ninagawa Tatsuo
1908 Onna bushidô by Kumata Shujirô
Shônen bushidô by Kunata Ashijô
Shin bushidô by Yamakata Kôkô
Bushidô by Nitobe Inazô (Translation into Japanese)
Bushidôkun by Tomoda Gô
Bushidô jitsuwa (shinpen) by Oka Mitsuyoshi
1909 Akôgishi (Nihon bushidô)
by Shinryûsai Teisui
Gunjin bushidôron by Tôgô Yoshitarô
Seiyô bushidô by Maeda Chôta (Translation)
Nihon bushidô by Shigeno Yasueki
Nihon bushidôron by Machi Tokuji
Bushidô bitan by Ikebe Gijô
1910 Giretsu hyakketsu (bushidô kosui)
by Tôchûken Kumôemon
Araki Mataemon (Nihon bushidô no gonge) by Tamada Gyokushûsai
Bushidô kagami by Takahashi Shizuko
Bushidô to katei by Ôhata Yutaka
Bushidô no uta by Mokuzan Kyôzen
Yamazakura (bushidô no seika) by Tsuji Gonsaku
*Shidô by Yamaga Sokô
1911 Bushidô meimeiden by Miyoshiya
Henshûbu
Horibe Yasubei (bushidô seika) by Sekka Sanjin
Yamanaka Shikanosuke (bushidô no seika) by Sekka Sanjin
Kokkei bushidô (rakugo kôdan) by Yamazaki Gyôsaburô
Kore issen no uta (bushidô shishi) by Matsuoka Kanzan
Shônen bushidô by Taniguchi Masanori
Sumô to bushidô by Kitagawa Hakuai
Bushidô kunwa (seishin shûyô) by Yoshimaru Kazumasa
Bushidô kenbu by Miyamoto Takeshi
Bushidô no seika (seishin shûyô) by Watanabe
Misao
Bushidô hyakuwa by Hara Keikichi
1912 Akôgishiden (bushidô tenkei)
by Kobayshi Ôri
Inôe Daikurô (bushidô seika) by Sekka Sanjin
Ôishi Kuranosuke (bushidô gonge) by Sekka Sanjin
Toda Shinpachirô (bushidô seika) by Sekka Sanjin
Gishi meimeiden (bushidô kosui) by Tôkyô Naniwabushi
Dôshikai
Kore issen no uta (bushidô shishi) by Mizuno Kôtoku
Kore wa Genroku jûyonnen (bushidô seika) by Kyôyama
Kunimaru
*Shidô no hyôgen (shûyô jitsuwa) by
Nankai Gyokyaku