In Chapter 5 we saw that empirical validity evidence is gathered in Phase IVB of the Process Model. Chapter 13 provided information on how we would seek and interpret the most commonly- reported forms of validity and reliability evidence in particular assessment applications. If we select or adopt assessment tools designed by other test publishers or developers for our own use, we should seek out relevant information on score validity and reliability. If engaged in assessment design efforts for high stakes purposes, all practitioners should carry out appropriate studies to investigate the validity and reliability of the scores they wish to use in their decision-making.

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