As in Chapter 3, this chapter also made a distinction between “validity” and “reliability” with the concepts of systematic error and random error. The chapter described six different methods for obtaining, analyzing, and reporting evidence to support the validity of particular score interpretations. They include (but are not limited to) the following: Convergent Validity, Discriminant Validity; Predictive Validity; Concurrent Validity; Internal Structure; Group Differences; and lack of Bias. The chapter recommended that we interpret different forms of validity evidence in a unified manner in given contexts of assessment use, keeping in mind the interpretations and uses to which the scores would be subjected.

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