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Global Temperature — More Figures

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Summary Figures


Monthly (thin lines) and 12-month running mean (thick lines or filled colors in case of Nino 3.4 Index) global land-ocean temperature anomaly, global land and sea surface temperature, and El Nino index. All have a base period 1951-1980. Figure also available in PDF. The monthly mean temperature anomaly data are available over land (data) and over ocean (data). (Data through December 2024. last updated 2025/02/01, now with GHCN v4 and ERSST v5.)
For Nino 3.4 SST see El Nino/La Nina page (last modified 2024/12/10) for data source and more information.


Same as above with trend lines and maps. in PDF. (2025/01/01)

Monthly mean land-ocean temperature with 1951-1980 base period in PDF . (2025/01/21)

Land and ocean surface temperature with 1880-1920 base period in PDF. (2025/02/11)

Ocean temperature with 1951-1980 base period in PDF. (2025/01/20)

El Nino vs. aerosol reduction effect(?) in PDF with 1951-1980 base period. Data through December 2024. (2025/01/20)

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Monthly Analysis

Global-mean monthly-mean surface temperature anomalies with the base period 1951-1980. V denotes the major volcanic eruptions, and m and M denote the years of the minima and maxima of sunspot number cycles, respectively. See a NOAA/NGDC page. Figure also available in PDF. (Updated on 2025/01/10) , now with GHCN v4 and ERSST v5.)

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Changes in Seasonal Resolution

Seasonal mean surface temperature anomaly for 2023 and 2024. (Updated on 2024/12/10, now with GHCN v4 and ERSST v5)

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Annual Analysis

(Updated on 2019/07/16)

Annual mean surface temperature anomaly since 1996. Now with GHCN v4 and ERSST v5. Updated on 2025/01/10)

Annual mean surface temperature changes based on linear trends. Figure also available in PDF (Updated on 2025/01/11 with GHCN v4 and ERSST v5)

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Decadal Anomalies

Figure also available in PDF. (Updated on 2025/01/11, with GHCN v4 and ERSST v5)
Annual and decadal mean global-mean temperature relative to 1880-1920 mean

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Regional Changes

Zonal Means

Zonal mean, (a) 60-month, (b-d) 12-month running mean and (e) monthly mean temperature changes in five zones: Arctic (90.0 - 64.2°N), N. Mid-Latitudes (64.2 - 23.6°N), Tropical (23.6°S), S. Mid-Latitudes (23.6 - 64.2°S), and Antarctic (64.2 - 90.0°S).
Figures in PDF: (a)-(d) and (e). (Data through November 2024 used. Updated on 2024/12/10 now with GHCN v4 & ERSST v5)


(Data through December 2024. Updated on 2025/01/21).

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Updates of figures in Hansen, et al. Global temperature change, 2006, PNAS.

Figure 2 in PDF (Updated 2020/01/21)
Extended to 2030 (Updated 2024/12/11) and Extended to 2062. Data from Dr. Gavin Schmidt (Updated 2021/01/22)

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Figure 3 in PDF. Data provided by Dr. Reto Ruedy of NASA/GISS. (Updated 2020/11/24)

Figure 7 in PDF. (Updated 2025/01/11)

Figure 9 in PDF. Data provided by Dr. Reto Ruedy of NASA/GISS. (Updated 2020/11/30)

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(Updated on 2025/01/10, now with GHCN version 4 and ERSST v5)

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We take the 1880-1920 global mean temperature as our best estimate for the pre-industrial value. However, the spatial coverage of stations is not good for that period (no Antarctica data, e.g.), so for the global maps we use 1951-1980 as the base period. Some other groups keep advancing their 30-year base period each decade, so that it is now 1991-2020. The above maps show the temperature change between these periods.

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Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Temperature

NASA/GISS writes on their web page (https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/), "March 11, 2020: Dr. Joel Susskind from NASA/GSFC and his team created Surface Temperature Anomaly estimates from Remote Sensed data (Susskind et al. 2019). These estimates are completely independent from the data used by the GISS analysis." See Comparison of Versions 6 and 7 page.

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Today's Weather Maps by Climate Reanalyzer (University of Maine)

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All above data source: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, except several NOAA data sets mentioned above. (See data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp for details and data.)
Note: The Byrd Station data in central West Antarctica were replaced by Bromwich et al's data. (since 2013/03/21)

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