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1938 a lot of intellectuals were pro-Republican in the Spanish war. The same thing, the pro-Soviet feeling, became part of it--sort of manifestations of various kinds would occur that all had a pro-Soviet touch to them. Of course, then, in 1941, the Soviets switched sides, in effect, made peace with Hitler and put the Guild into somewhat of a state of disarray.

The Guild was representing the editorial side. How would the left-wing politics of the Guild manifest itself in those--did it have anything to do with demands about editorials or anything like that, or--?

It exacerbated the divisions that already existed within the editorial department; and strengthened the resolve of certain people to be pro-Guild and even of certain people to be anti-Guild. So it became a further divisive factor in human relations at that time.

In other words, if I understand what you're saying, it was a very political environment and it was quite split, editorially--

And further split by the Guild in a way.

And, of course, with Henry Luce being such a political animal, I can see what you're saying.

Yes, because he represented the Republican enemy even