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Governor Dix hold that theory privately, but it was argued on the floor of the Senate and the House. This was one of the reasons that it took so long to get the bill through. These were all grown up people that I remember. They were not old fogies of the Victorian age. It was in this century. I'm not sure that that feeling was Victorian alone. I'm now reading B. Seebohm Rowntree's new book on England: Past and Present, which follows his Poverty, written some fifty years ago. And those ideas were in common circulation and are not out yet.

At any rate that was that Dix said, and yet, he signed it. He signed it because the party leaders advised him to. It was against his better judgment. This idea that party loyalty and party regularity was a necessity and a virtue was held by men like Al Smith, Wagner, and other high-minded people. As a matter of fact, it is the basis of the two-party system.

The giants of that period in Albany were Henry Grady, Hinman, Josiah Newcomb, Mayhew Wainwright, the two Sullivans, Hugh Frawley. The giants were not always good and able people, but they were people whom you couldn't forget. They stood up and stood out. Ed Jackson, over in the House side, was known as “Big Switch,” because he had been a railroad switchman in his youth. He was a picturesque and colorful