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supporting the really wonderful art settlement. Sam Fleisher was a wonderful young man, quite young. I knew him very well. He was a very rewarding person to know. His sister, Helen, who was older, was less generous of spirit, but very smart and very able. He was supporting a school. He had the theory that all people needed was self expression in art and music and they'd come out all right, and so he supported a school for that.

The German Jews were rich in Philadelphia, then. It was the Polish, Russian, and South Russian Jews who were poor. They were fairly recent arrivals. The Jews from North Africa had not begun to come in yet. That didn't come until many, many years later. There were also Italians. The Scotch and the Irish were still coming as immigrants on immigrant ships. A great many East German girls were coming right out of that area we now call Prussia. There were a good many of those.

I wrote a very interesting survey of the immigrants in Philadelphia. It was basic information for many years for Philadelphia social organizations. Of course that area has disappeared completely and everything has changed.

Also there was a big influx of immigration at that time - and this is quite startling - of Negroes from the South. The Philadelphian Negroes had a wonderful reputation; they were the aristocracy. They were wonderful, fine people.