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unemployment is not a single accident, but a movement in our economics. We were just beginning to grasp that when it was over.

James C. McReynolds was appointed to the Supreme Court in 1914. I just remember that at the time he was regarded as a very liberal and good appointment. Later, of course, he turned out to be quite anti-liberal, but I think he'd supported the banking legislation and things like that, which, of course, was then a major issue.

The United States Department of Labor was established in 1913. I had something to do with that in that I, the Consumers League and all that outfit, had been among the agencies of government that had been agitating for a long time and writing letter that there should be a Department of Labor. I think that Mr. William Howard Taft signed the bill and created it almost on the last day that he was in office. If it wasn't the last day, it was the last week. At any rate, he never appointed a Labor Secretary. He was just going out of office and although he signed the bill and it became a law, he never appointed anybody.

Woodrow Wilson appointed William B. Wilson of Pennsylvania as the first Secretary of Labor - a very good man, a very nice man. He was a man who had been a coal miner and had been for a number of years in Pennsylvania the head of the State