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had seen, to relieve the human suffering, whereas these other things all seem to start from some strange theory way back which took no account of human suffering, human need, or human aspiration.

I remember thinking when I heard Upton Sinclair talk that that was the way he felt. I remember asking him a question, his answer indicating that he neither knew nor cared about the people who lived in the stockyards. I asked him what kind of people they were. There was a social worker, Mary McDowell, associated with Jane Addams who had a settlement over in the stockyards area in Chicago. She always knew what kind of people they were. She knew the Joneses from the Simczyks - the Poles, Slovaks, Czechs, Irish and others. There were separate groups all mingling together in their work and within those separate national grouos there were all kinds of human traits, qualities and differences. Mary McDowell had taken Upton Sinclair around and showed him the stockyards when he was writing his book, The Jungle. It was at her settlement that he listened to some of the stories. She knew what a hard time Mrs. Simczyk had had for reasons that didn't have anything to do with economic conditions, but because of the pure disasters of her life - the sorrows of life. Her oldest boy was bad. Her husband got sick with tuberculosis, and so on. Mary McDowell saw the difference between the responses