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we had some basic, underlying ideas and patterns, which had formed my mind and others who had taken part in the study, about what could be done when the full force of the big depression broke on us in '29. We had had temporary studies, partial solutions and conferences in various upstate cities. So we weren't completely without information and tools. We had them already stacked away.

I didn't anticipate the depression. What I knew was that following the war, with all the destruction that there was of material goods and supplies, you were likely to get a depression. The depression that we did go into looked at that time to me, and to many others who studied it, as though it were going to be a little worse. There was going to be more and more unemployment.

We never were without unemployment. Unemployment was always with us, not in catastrophic terms as we had in '30 and '31, but we'd had it going way back to '13, '14 and earlier. It had been a recurring picture. The causes were not entirely known and varied. Certainly there were a number of things that could be done to prevent it and had not been done. The strengthening of the public employment service grew out of the idea that we must have an easy, public and easily accessible method for the exchange of jobs.