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Frances PerkinsFrances Perkins
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has that feeling. They're a terrifically clannish group. In England and Scotland they practically were self-perpetuating in families. They brought into the mines their sons, nephews, cousins in each generation. The good miner would bring in his young relatives and they would be allowed to work under Cousin Tim or Uncle John. They kept the trade close to them- selves, knew they were a superior breed and had great vanity about it.

They've always been clannish and have always stuck together. That has always been the basic strength of their unions. The island of Cyprus has ancient copper mines on it which were worked in pre-Roman times. There are some evidences and some record in historical record and literary allusions which would indicate that there was a pre-Roman type of union in the mines. Slaves never worked the Cyprus copper mines. The copper mines were worked by brave free citizens. There are references to that in history and literature and to the fact that they were different from other people. To this day the Cypriots are a very vain and superior people.

That same feeling runs all through the very earliest history of England when they were digging out tin which they dragged down to the shores. The very oldest roads in England are the trails over which tin was dragged down to the shores, particularly the west and southern channel shores, in order to





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