Development Mini-Didactics
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WALKING/STAIRS AGE | MILESTONE | 7 months | Sits well independently (hands free) | 9 months | Crawling (some may skip this stage) | 10-11 months | Walks with hands held (cruising) | 12 months | Takes few steps | 13-14 months | Walks well | 15 months | Stoop and recover, creeps up stairs, walks backwards | 18 months | Climbing, up and down stairs with help (2 feet on each step) | 2 years | Runs well, up and down stairs without help (2 feet on each step) | 3 years | Up the stairs, alternating feet (down stairs = 2 feet on each step), balances one foot 3 seconds | 4 years | Up and down stairs with alternating feet |
CUBES (* main growth of tower building is 15 months to 2.5 years. Then they can build things with the blocks. See Block Skills (link) Figure ) AGE | MILESTONE | 6 months | Transfers from hand to hand | 8-9 months | Bangs 2 cubes together | 12 months | Can release cube into a cup | 15 months | Tower of 2 cubes | 18 months | Tower of 3-4 cubes | 2 years | Tower of 6 cubes | 3 years | Tower of 8-9 cubes | 2.5 years | Train | 3 years | Bridge | 4 years | Gate | 5-6 years | Staircase |
SHAPES/DRAWING (see Gesell Figures (link) – keep a copy in clinic and have them copy as many as they can) AGE | MILESTONE | 15 months | Imitate scribble | 18 months | Spontaneous scribble | 2.5 years | Copies vertical line | 3 years | Copies circle | 4 years | Copies cross | 4.5 years | Copies square | 5 years | Draws 10 part person, Copies triangle | 6 years | Horizontal diamond | 7 years | Vertical diamond |
GRASP (See Development of Grasp Didactic (link) for pictoral explanation.) AGE | GRASP | 4-5 months | Crude palmar grasp (ulnar side) | 5-6 months | Palmar grasp (Raking) | 6-7 months | Radial palmar grasp | 8-9 months | Inferior pincer grasp (scissorlike) | 10-12 months | Mature pincer grasp |
LANGUAGEAGE | SOUNDS/WORDS | 3 months | Cooing | 4 months | varied pitch, inflected sounds | 6-10 months | Babbling with initial consonant sounds (“da da da”); raspberries; non-specific dada, mama | 9-13 months | Specific dada, mama | 11-13 months | Pointing with index finger: first indicates wants and then “look at what I am looking at” = shared attention | 18 months | 6-10 words | 2 years | 50 word vocabulary, 2 word sentence, personal pronouns (“I, me, mine”) | 3 years | 250 words, 3 word sentences, name 1 color, plural nouns | 3 and up | Understands simple stories, sequence |
FAVORITE GAMES – all associated with child’s drive for mastery and acquisition of concepts; can be a rough indicator of IQ AGE | GAMES | Conceptual Basis | 7-9 months | Throw things down and want them back (also at same time as stranger anxiety), Peek–a-boo | Object permanence, separation | 12-15 months | Running away and getting caught | Separation, independence | 15-18 months | Imitating adult behavior, especially cleaning, throwing things in trash, talking on the telephone | Likes routine and order, opening and closing, inside vs. outside (beginning of ambivalence) | 18 months | Symbolic or pretend play: tea parties, pretend one object is another | Abstract thinking begins | 3-5 years | Role-playing, such as playing house, playing doctor, monsters, good guy/bad guy games | Magical thinking Exploring identity (gender, body integrity fears, good vs. bad) Development of defense mechanisms |
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