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Mamie ClarkMamie Clark
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problems. I mean, a child who comes here comes from a situation that you can't do much about, but you can certainly do some things about. For example, there are the realities of not enough breakfast-- you know, going to school without breakfast. I mean, you can do something about that, because it's a matter of redistribution of resources in the house. Or, a child who comes who is improperly clothed -- you can do something about that, particularly if he's on welfare. You know, we have good relations with welfare. We get things done for parents who feel hopeless and who don't go out and do these things themselves, so we have to begin not only to do something for them, but to show them how to do it. How to go to the welfare. What are your welfare rights? And you have a right to have clothing for your child. We have to deal with those realities, where you have a right to have enough food, or to give this child -- this child has a right to his breakfast.

It's dealing with reality situation in everyday living which is so critical in our efforts.

Another kind of technique or approach that you'd say is pretty critical is to start with the strength of the family. Psychoanalysis, for instance, starts with the weaknesses or the pathology of the family. That's what they're dealing with. Well, with these families, we can't deal with that. We have to start with what's strong in this family, and pick it up and work with it.

For example, we found many families, as I told you before, there's a high aspirational level in education. They want their children to learn. Well, that's a big strength, that they want their





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