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raiders and people who were trying to take you over. So managements were somewhat freer to pursue the things they believed in. Rather that obey the dictates of Wall Street. Which is what happened now.

So you never considered closing it.

No. Well you know, we went through the same business because the Board of Directors never understands why you keep going with a losing proposition. But we did keep going with a losing proposition. And, by the way, no Board of Directors ever says to you, “Well, buddy, weren't you smart to keep at this.”

What about Discover Magazine?

Well, Discover Magazine was launched really in the last year that I was at Time Inc. with my blessing. Henry Grunwald and I were for it. It was an idea that the science editor of Time, Leon Jaroff, had had for quite a few years and had been pushing. He kept saying, “You don't seem to notice but the issues of Time with a science cover are the ones that sell well on the news stand. Not the ones with the pretty girl.” And sure enough, he was right abut that. And we felt that the world of science was upon us. There was no general science magazine of sort of a semi popular nature. Scientific American which had been started-by Gerry Piel who, by the way was my successor as Science and Medicine Editor on Life in 1939. That goes back quite a ways. Gerry Piel started Scientific American with another editor from Life, Dennis Flannagan, and made quite a