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insurance. They hadn't paid for it as you paid for insurance. “It's a dole. You gave it to them, but it's our money that you're giving away.” The real opposition to doing that came from the laborers and the employers in the covered trades. That's how the word “dole” got out.

Then people began to say, “It's wicked to have so many people on the dole.” Very soon in England the dole got way beyond the business of trying to pay them out of the unemployment insurance fund because that was exhausted. They had to begin making public appropriations to this fund, but in the dear old English way of doing things in a practical but unscientific way, they appropriated the money, but handed it over for administration to the agencies that had been previously administering the unemployment insurance fund, which was supposed to cover the covered industries. I think it was a practical thing to do. They knew how. They had the offices. They had the equipment. They had the people. The persons who needed the money had the habit of going to that particular place. But that meant, of course, that thousands and thousands and thousands of people were going to get their money every week and it was the dole. It was a dole. They were all on a dole. Public money was being appropriated, as well as what little smidgeons there