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1. Organic Photochemistry - An Overview Video
• 1.1 Molecular Photochemistry of Organic Molecules
• 1.2 Photochemical Reactions
• 1.3 The Electronic Excitation and Deexcitation of Organic Molecules
• 1.4 State Energy Diagrams: Electronic and Spin Isomers
• 1.5 Calibration Points for Molecular Dimensions and molecular Motions
• 1.6 Calibration Points for Molecular energetics and Reaction Dynamics
• 1.7 The Nuclear Geometry of Electronically Exicted States
• 1.8 An Energy Surface Description of Molecular Energetics and reaction
• 1.9 Organic Photoreactions

2. Electronic Orbitals, Configurations, and States Video
• 2.1 Molecular Wavefunctions and Molecular Structure
• 2.2 The Born-Oppenheimer Approximation
• 2.3 The Spirit of the Use of Quantum Mechanical Operators
• 2.4 Atomic Orbitals, Molecular Orbitals, Electronic Configuration, and Electronic States
• 2.5 The Ground State Configuration
• 2.6 The Construction of Electronic States from Electronic Configurations
• 2.7 Visualization of Electron Spin: A Simple Vectorial Model
• 2.8 Vectorial Representation of Singlet and Triplet States Derived from a Single Configuration
• 2.9 Electronic Energy Difference between Singlet and Triplet States
• 2.10 The Expimental Measurement ofOrbital Energies: Photoelectron Spectroscopy

3. Transitions Between States - Chemical Dyanmics Video
• 3.1 Chemical Dynamics as Transitions between States
• 3.2 Classical Dynamics: Some Preliminary Comments
• 3.3 Quantum Dynamics: The Golden Rule for Transitions between States
• 3.4 Transitions between States: Evaluation of Transition Probabilities
• 3.5 Nuclear Motion; Vibronic States
• 3.6 Singlet-Triplet Interconversions

4 . Potential Energy Surfaces Video
• 4.1 Potential Energy Curves and Potential Enegery Surfaces
• 4.2 Movement of a Classical Particle on a Surface
• 4.3 Potential Energy Curves and Surfaces for Visualization of Molecular Behavior
• 4.4 The Quantum Mechanical Version of the Harmonic Oscillator
• 4.5 The Influence of Collisions and Vibrations on the Motion of the Representative Point
• 4.6 Transitions between Potential Energy Surfaces
• 4.7 The Franck-Condon Principle and Radiative Transitions: A Classical Model
• 4.8 The Franck-Condon Principle and radiative Transitions: Analogy to a Vibrating Sping
• 4.9 Visualization of "Chemical" versus "Physical" Mechanisms of Radiationless Transitions

5. Radiative Transitions - The Absorption and Emission of Light
• 5.1 Absorption and Emission Spectra of Organic Molecules
• 5.2 Typical Experimental Absorption and Emission Spectra of Organic Molecules
• 5.3 The Nature of Light: Electromagnetic Waves and Oscillating Electric Dipoles
• 5.4 Light as a Stream of Particles: Photons
• 5.5 The Shape of Absorption and Emission Spectra
• 5.6 State Mixing: Breakdown of the Single Orbital Configuration and Pure Multiplicity Approximations
• 5.7 Experimental measurements of the Absorption and Emission of Light: Molecular Electronic Spectroscopy
• 5.8 Spin-Orbit Coupling and Spin-Forbidden Radiative Transitions
• 5.9 Experimental Examples of Spin-Forbidden Radiative Transitions: S0 -> T Absorption and Phosphorescence
• 5.10 Flash Spectroscopy
• 5.11 Excited State Structures and Dipole Moments
• 5.12 Radiative Transitions Involving more than One Molecule: Absorption Complexes and Exciplexes
• 5.13 Delayed Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
• 5.14 Emission from "Upper" Excited Singlets and Triplets; The Azulene Anomaly

6. Photophysical radiationless Transitions
• 6.1 Photophysical radiationless Transitions as a Form of Electronic Relaxation
• 6.2 A Classical Interpretation of Radiationless Electronic Transitions as Jumps between Surfaces
• 6.3 Wave Mechanical Interpretation of Radiationless Transitions between States
• 6.4 Formulation of a Parameterized Model of Radiationless Transitions
• 6.5 The Relationship of Rates and Efficiencies of Radiationless Transitions to Molecular Structure
• 6.6 Factors that Influence the Rate of Vibrational Relaxation
• 6.7 The Evaluation of Rate Constants for Radiationless Processes from Quantitative Emission Parameters
• 6.8 Internal Conversion (Sn -> S1, S1 -> S0)
• 6.9 Intersystem Crossing from S1 to T1
Intersystem Crossing (T1 -> S0)
• 6.10 Intersystem Crossing (T1 -> S0)
• 6.11 Perturbation of Spin-Forbidden Radiationless Transitions
• 6.12 The Relationship between Photophysical Radiationless Transitions and Photochemical Processes

7. Theoretical Organic Photochemistry
• 7.1 A Qualitative Theory of Organic Photoreactions
• 7.2 The Principle of Maximum Positive Orbital Overlap
• 7.3 Orbital Interactions
• 7.4 Orbital and State Correlation Diagrams
• 7.5 The Construction of Electron Orbital and State Coordination Diagrams for a Selected Reaction Coordinate
• 7.6 Typical State Correlation Diagrams for Concerted Photochemical Pericyclic Reactions
• 7.7 State Correlation Diagrams for Photoreactions Involving Diradical Intermediates
• 7.8 Typical State Correlation Diagrams for Non-Concerted Photoreactions: Reactions Involving Intermediates (Diradicals and Zwitterions)
• 7.9 State Correlation Diagrams for a-Cleavage of Ketones
• 7.10 A Standard Set of Primary Photoreactions for pi,pi* and n,pi* States
• 7.11 Conclusion: Energy Surfaces as Reaction Graphs

8. Mechanistic Organic Photochemistry
• 8.1 Mechanisms
• 8.2 Use of Kinetic Feasibility in Quantitative Mechanistic Analyses
• 8.3 The Use of Structural Criteria and the Role of Reactive Intermediates in Mechanistic Analysis
• 8.4 Rules for Proceeding from Rate Laws to Inferring Photochemical Reaction Mechanisms
• 8.5 Rules for Proceeding from Efficiency Laws to Inferring Photochemical Reaction Mechanisms
• 8.6 Experimental Methods for Determining Rate Constants of Photoreactions
• 8.7 Experimental Examples of the Measurements of Photochemical Rate Constants
• 8.8 Reactive Intermediates: Experimental Detection and Characterization
• 8.9 Experimental Tests for Reactive Intermediates
• 8.10 Experimental Tests for the Involvement of Radicals and Diradicals
• 8.11 Magnetic Resonance Methods for Detecting Radicals, Radical Pairs, and Diradicals
• 8.12 Chemically Induced Nuclear Polarization and the Experimental Detection of Radical Pairs
• 8.13 Chemical Spectroscopy: The Use of Photochemical Reactions to Measure Excited State Energetics and Dynamics
• 8.14 Some Archetype State-Energy Diagrams

9. Energy Transfer
• 9.1 An Energy Surface Description of Electronic Energy Transfer and Energy Degradation
• 9.2 The "Trivial" or Radiative Mechanism for Electronic Energy Transfer: The Spectral Overlap Integral
• 9.3 Theory of Radiationless Energy Transfer: A General Formulation
• 9.4 Visualization of Energy Transfer by Coulombic Interactions: A Transmitter-Antenna Mechanism
• 9.5 Energy Transfer by Electron Exchange: An Overlap or Collision Mechanism
• 9.6 The Role of Energetics in Energy Transfer Mechanisms
• 9.7 The Role of Molecular Diffusion in Energy Transfer Processes in Fluid Solution: "Diffusion Controlled" Quenching
• 9.8 Distance-Time Relationships for Diffusion
• 9.9 Energy Transfer in the Absence of Diffusion: The Perrin Formulation
• 9.10 Comparison of the Theoretical Distance Dependencies of Energy Transfer Rates and Efficiencies
• 9.11 Experimental Examples of Singlet-Singlet Energy Transfer
• 9.12 Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer
• 9.13 Triplet-Singlet Energy Transfer in Fluid Solution
• 9.14 Singlet-Triplet Energy Transfer
• 9.15 Excitation Transfer between Conjugated Chromophores
• 9.16 "Multiphoton" Energy Transfer Processes; Triplet-Triplet Annihilation; Delayed Photoluminescence
• 9.17 Energy Transfer from Upper Excited States
• 9.18 Nonvertical Energy Transfer
• 9.19 Reversible Energy Transfer
• 9.20 Photosensitization and Quenching in Organic Photochemistry
• 9.21 Quenching by Molecular Oxygen
• 9.22 Energy Hopping or Energy Migration

10. Photoaddition and Photosubstitution Reactions
• 10.1 Classification of Photochemical Additions and Substitution Reactions
• 10.2 Photoreduction of Carbonyl Compounds and Ethylenes: Linear Addition Initiated by Hydrogen Abstraction Reactions
• 10.3 The Use of Radical Models for Hydrogen Abstraction from n,pi* and pi,pi* States
• 10.4 Theoretical Analysis of Hydrogen and Electron Abstraction Reactions of Ketones
• 10.5 Synthetic Applications of Photochemical Hydrogen Abstraction Reactions
• 10.6 Mechanistic Analysis of the Photoreduction of Ketones
• 10.7 Quantitative Analysis of the Efficiency of Photoreduction
• 10.8 Experimental Examples of the Competition between Hydrogen Abstraction and Electron Abstraction
• 10.9 Intramolecular Hydrogen Abstraction: The Type II Family of Reactions
• 10.10 Photochemical Hydrogen and Electron Abstraction of Carbonyl Derivatives and Unsaturated Nitrogen Compounds
• 10.11 Addition Reactions of Acyclic Ethylenes
• 10.12 Photochemical Aromatic Substitution

11. Cycloaddition Reactions
• 11.1 Classification of Cycloaddition Reactions
• 11.2 Photocycloadditions via Intermediates: Diradicals, Zwitterions, and Exciplexes
• 11.3 Photocycloaddition Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds
• 11.4 Photocycloadditions of Benzene
• 11.5 Photocycloaddition Reactions of Conjugated Enones
• 11.6 Photocycloadditions Involving Unsaturated Nitrogen Compounds and Thioketones

12. Isomerizations and Rearrangements
• 12.1 Classification of Photochemical Rearrangements
• 12.2 Cis-trans Isomerization of Unsaturated Compounds
• 12.3 Skeletal and Positional Photoisomerizations: Sigmatropic Rearrangements
• 12.4 Electrocyclic Reactions
• 12.5 Intramolecular Cycloadditions of Conjugated Hydrocarbons
• 12.6 Electrocyclic Reactions and Intramolecular Cycloadditions of Heteroatomic Conjugated Systems
• 12.7 Sigmatropic Isomerizations of b,g-Unsaturated Enones

13. Photofragmentation Reactions
• 13.1 Photofragmentations and Photoeliminations
• 13.2 Homolytic a-Cleavage of Ketones: An Alkoxy Radical Model
• 13.3 Sigmatropic Rearrangements of b,g-Unsaturated Ketones Initiated by a-Cleavage
• 13.4 Photoelimination Reactions of Azo Compounds
• 13.5 Photoelimination of Nitrogen from Diazocompounds, Azides, and Related Compounds
• 13.6 Photochemical Cleavage of Small Rings
• 13.7 Miscellaneous a-Cleavage Reactions of Peroxides, Halides, and Nitrites; The Barton Reaction

14. Singlet Oxygen and Chemiluminescent Organic Reactions
• 14.1 A Conceptual Link between Photoreactions and Chemiluminescent Organic Reactions
• 14.2 Molecular Oxygen: Ground State and Excited Singlet States
• 14.3 Chemiluminescence of 1,2-Dioxetanes and Endoperoxides
• 14.4 Applications of Chemiexcitation to Photochemical Problems
• 14.5 Adiabatic Photoreactions: Examples of Chemiluminescent Photoreactions
• 14.6 "Red Light to Blue Light" Experiments and "Uphill" Photosensitization
• 14.7 Interplay of Organic Photochemistry and Chemiluminescent Organic Reactions

15. Spin Theory (in PDFs)
• 15.1 Spin Chapter Introduction
• 15.2 Spin Chemistry and the Vector Model
• 15.3 Angular Momentum States
• 15.4 Bohr Model and Angular Momentum and Magnetic Motion
• 15.5 Magnetic Energy Levels
• 15.6 Classical Precession of the Angular Momentum Vector
• 15.7 Examples of Magnetic Energy Diagrams
• 15.8 Magnetic Interactions and Magnetic Couplings
• 15.9 Magnetic Levels Spin transitions Between Spin States
• 15.10 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The Transition Between Manetic Dipoles in a Magnetic Field.
• 15.11 Magnetic Resonance and Spin Chemistry. A Paradigm and a Case History
• 15.12 ESR of Molecular Triplet
• 15.13 Primary Photochemical Reactions. Spinomers
• 15.14 Dynamic Radical Pair in Zero Field
• 15.15 The Dynamic Radical Pair at High Field
• 15.16 Reactions of the Radical Pairs
• 15.17 Magnetic Effects on Chemical Reactions. External Magnetic Field Effect on the Reactivity of Radical Pairs
• 15.18 The magnetic Isotope Effect on Radical pair Reactions

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